JavaScript puts variable
and
function declarations into memory
before execution of any code block.
Therefore, we can access the variables
and
functions even before their declaration.
This is called Hoisting.
Let's try printing the value of a variable before declaring it.
In the example given above,
we are trying to print the value of num
before declaring it using var.
We get undefined in the output, not an error.
This is because of the hoisting of the declaration of num.
It is important to note that only declarations are hoisted.
Initializations are not hoisted.
Hence, the above code executes as shown below:
Similarly, function declarations
are also hoisted to the top.
This allows us to use functions
even before they are declared.
The variables declared using let
and
const are also hoisted without initialization.
But when we try to access such variables
before declaration it throws an error.
This is because such variables
can't be accessed before initialization.
In the example given below,
trying to print the value of num
before declaring it with let results in an error.
Similarly, trying to print the value of num
before declaring it with const results in an error
in the example given below.